Here is a frightening article from Business Week about ARM's and how they will be bringing on the next wave of foreclosures. It's somewhat lengthy, but definitely worth the read.
The Next Real Estate Crisis
By April, 2009, hundreds of thousands of option ARM mortgages will begin resetting, bringing on a fresh wave of foreclosures
by Prashant Gopal
The American homeowner must feel like one of those characters in an old cartoon who has just been hit by a falling piano. After dusting himself off and touching the large bump on his head, he probably doesn't expect another piano to be dangling overhead. But he'd be wrong.
But what's often funny in a cartoon is anything but in real life. With the subprime mortgage crisis already crippling the U.S. economy, some experts are warning that the next wave of foreclosures will begin accelerating in April, 2009. What that means is that hundreds of thousands of borrowers who took out so-called option adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) will begin to see their monthly payments skyrocket as they reset. About a million borrowers have option ARMs, but only a fraction have already fallen due.
That was the catch to option ARMs; borrowers were offered low initial payments that would recast higher after several years. Many home buyers thought they could resell their homes before their payments increased. But instead, many of them got trapped. According to Credit Suisse (CS), monthly option recasts are expected to accelerate starting in April, 2009, from $5 billion to a peak of about $10 billion in January, 2010. Some of these loans have already started to recast. About 13% of option ARMs that were issued in 2006 were delinquent by 60 days by the time they were 18 months old, Credit Suisse said.
California: Problem's Bellwether
Among the states expected to be worst-hit is already battered California. Today, outstanding option ARM loans in the U.S. total about $500 billion, about 60% of which were sold to California homeowners, according to Credit Suisse. Option ARMs were especially popular in the state, where they were heavily marketed during the boom by such companies as Countrywide Financial (CFC) in Calabasas, Calif.; Washington Mutual (WM) in Seattle; and Wachovia (W
in Charlotte, N.C. Moreover, on top of their ARMs, many homeowners also refinanced their homes, driving themselves even deeper into a debt they thought they could escape by flipping their homes.
But California won't be alone. Homeowners are also frighteningly vulnerable in states such as Arizona, Florida, New Jersey, and others.
The Mortgage Bankers Assn. said on June 5 that the option ARM problem is growing. The group reported that the national rate of foreclosure starts for prime ARMs, including option ARMs, increased to 1.55% in the first quarter, up from 0.53% a year earlier. In California the foreclosure start rate in the first quarter was 2%, vs. 0.5% a year earlier. In Florida, the rate was 2.57%, compared with 0.5% in the first quarter of 2007. "California, Florida, Arizona and Nevada combined…represent 62% of all foreclosures started on prime ARM loans, and 84% of the increase in prime ARM foreclosures," the group said.
The option ARM loan defaults could accelerate next year even if subprime defaults subside, said Chandrajit Bhattacharya, vice-president and mortgage strategist at Credit Suisse Securities. He said California will see the bulk of the option ARM foreclosures and the rest will be spread out across the country.
Underwater and Gasping for Air
"Most of the public is thinking that the subprime thing is over, but this is another thing waiting," Bhattacharya said. "The problem for these borrowers is that once you go underwater, it's very hard to refinance, and if you cannot refinance there is very little option for you."
But it gets worse.
Option ARMs, which were originally designed for self-employed people with fluctuating incomes, gained popularity with other workers during the peak of the real estate boom in 2004, when rapidly rising home values would have otherwise kept many buyers out of the market.
The loans, which were generally given to borrowers with better-than-subprime credit, give homeowners the option of making a minimum monthly payment, which covers none of the principal and only a portion of the interest, the rest of which is added to the loan balance. With years of unpaid interest accumulating and house prices falling, some homeowners have seen their equity disappear and now owe even more than their initial loan balance.
The loans automatically recast after five years, but many will recast sooner as loan balances hit specific principal caps—typically between 110% and 125% of the initial loan amount. Many of these loans are expected to recast within the next two years, meaning that borrowers' monthly payments will swell to include both principal and interest.
Walking Away from a Collapse
Some borrowers say they signed up for the complicated loans without understanding the terms, or expected to be able to refinance or sell their homes before the loans recast. Instead, home prices fell and the credit crunch made refinancing impossible for many borrowers.
Some homeowners are simply walking away because with their equity vanishing, there's little incentive to stay.
William Purdy, a lawyer at Simmons & Purdy in Soquel, Calif., a firm that specializes in home refinance issues, said some borrowers with option ARMs are defaulting before the loans recast because they couldn't afford even marginal increases in the minimum payments.
"It's a ticking time bomb inside your house that you can't get rid of," Purdy said. "They can try to slow down the inevitable, but sooner or later their loan is going to cap. …This year is going to be a blood bath. Next year, we'll start out just about the same."
New FHA Loan Guarantees
But options are available—even if refinancing isn't possible. Lenders have been working with borrowers to reduce loan amounts and interest rates and, in some cases, simply accept the deed in lieu of foreclosure.
The Mortgage Bankers Assn. says it appears that a growing number of homeowners are avoiding foreclosure by getting help from the Hope Now hotline (888 995-HOPE), a mortgage-counseling phone line backed by lenders and the federal government that gets 4,000 calls a day. Hotline counselors help borrowers negotiate with banks and offer advice on refinancing options. Even though foreclosure rates are rising in California and Florida, they've slowed elsewhere, the bankers association said.
Some callers to the hotline have complained about long wait times, but the group says it has beefed up its counseling staff and now gets to calls quickly.
Other option ARM borrowers could benefit from government plans now in the works. A bill approved by the House in May would allow the Federal Housing Administration to guarantee up to $300 billion in new loans to help homeowners facing foreclosure. Borrowers could get more affordable loans worth no more than 90% of the home's value, meaning that participating lenders would have to take a significant loss on the loan. The bill was sponsored by House Financial Services Committee Chairman Barney Frank (D-Mass.). Senate Banking Chairman Christopher Dodd (D-Conn.) has a similar measure.
Foreclosure Is Not Inevitable
"The fact is that people didn't really understand the transaction at the outset and were counting on being able to refinance when the loan got recast," said Colleen Hernandez, president of Minneapolis nonprofit Homeownership Preservation Foundation, which owns and operates the hotline. "That combination means a lot of risk, a lot of danger in the situation. But it isn't inevitable that they foreclose, and foreclosure isn't the best option."
Moe Bedard, founder of LoanSafe.org in Corona, Calif., a free online forum that helps homeowners negotiate loan modifications, said the larger problem is that banks, many of which laid off scores of loan officers, are so swamped that many borrowers can't get the attention they need.
Many California homeowners, including some with $2 million homes, are simply making their minimum payment, waiting for the recast. Then they plan to walk away, even if it damages their credit, Bedard said.
"A lot of people are just walking," Bedard said. "It's just a business decision; they don't have a lot of skin in the game." But for many others it will be devastating.
For those of us who live and work in Ahwatukee, the seemingly endless negotiation of the South Mountain Loop 202 freeway is always lingering in the back of our minds somewhere. I’m not going to talk about whether the freeway is or is not going to be built or what the impact is going to be if the freeway is eventually built. Today, I just want to address the impact the dialogue about the freeway is having on the Ahwatukee Real Estate Market.
You could pick up any number of publications and read that the freeway is going through or is not going through. You could read that it is going on Indian land or that the Indians have passed multiple resolutions opposing the freeway. You could read that South Mountain has been declared a sacred place and nothing can be built or that they are going to cut through the South Mountain ridges. There is much speculation, but no answers.
The result of all this is, the freeway proposal is having a huge impact on the Real Estate Market. For residents who have homes that are even remotely near the freeway, the proposal itself makes those homes almost impossible to sell. There are whole neighborhoods that are proximate to the proposed freeway that are in limbo. The values of their homes have dropped dramatically, and no one in their right mind would buy a home in those neighborhoods until the decision about the freeway is made.
Currently, the proposal is to demolish 317 homes in Ahwatukee to accommodate the 10 lane freeway! So, those homes are impacted, not to mention the homes that are next to those homes and would then have a 10 lane freeway in their backyard!
As a Realtor, I just wish they would make a decision and bring some closure to the endless dialogue and speculation about the freeway. There’s really nothing we can do about the freeway, but it would be nice to be able to give our clients some information one way or another.
On a personal note, and as a resident of Ahwatukee, I pray they decided not to build the freeway at all. Sure the traffic problems can be a nightmare, but one of the main reasons I moved to Ahwatukee was the beauty of South Mountain Park and how the community was nestled up into the foothills with the only way out to the East! I really like the fact that we are not a community that cars just buzz by on a 10 lane freeway.

Below is a chart of the last 6 months of home sales in the metropolitan Phoenix area. I got the data from
Land America Transnation.
The areas that have been hardest hit during the housing slump, the West Side and SE Valley, are trending up STRONGLY—a great sign.
Scottsdale and Central Phoenix are holding their own. Those areas were not as damaged during the downturn in the market.